Physical Science Chapter 12 Exam Review
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. In an earthquake, the point where the first movement of rock occurs and energy is released is the epicenter. _________________________
____ 2. The fastest seismic waves are the surface waves. _________________________
____ 3. The Richter scale measures the intensity of an earthquake. _________________________
____ 4. A major problem in predicting earthquakes is that no single change in Earth occurs for all earthquakes. _________________________
____ 5. Massive avalanches of hot, glowing rock flowing on a cushion of hot gases are pyroclastic flows. _________________________
____ 6. Tsunamis are only a few feet high in shallow water. _________________________
____ 7. Just before a tsunami reaches shore, the water near the shoreline may move out toward the sea. _________________________
____ 8. A gentle, freely flowing eruption comes from lava that has much silica and water vapor. _________________________
____ 9. A cinder cone volcano has a broad, flat cone with gently sloping sides. _________________________
____ 10. Cinder cone volcano eruptions are gentle and long-lasting. ________________________________________
____ 11. A denser plate slides under a less dense plate and plate material is melted at a divergent plate boundary. _________________________
____ 12. When two plates move apart, a rift forms. _________________________
____ 13. Places located in the interior of tectonic plates where magma rises directly to the surface are called rifts. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 14. Earthquake waves are called ____.
a. | seismic waves | c. | divergent waves |
b. | convergent waves | d. | wave amplitudes |
____ 15. Strike-slip faults are caused by ____ forces.
a. | compression | c. | right angle |
b. | shear | d. | tension |
____ 16. Which statement is true of P-waves?
a. | They travel the fastest through rocks. |
b. | They vibrate at 90° to the wave motion. |
c. | They are last to reach the epicenter. |
d. | They are the most damaging. |
____ 17. The modified Mercalli scale measures the ____ of an earthquake.
a. | magnitude | c. | amplitude |
b. | energy | d. | intensity |
____ 18. The Richter scale is based on measurements of the ____ of a seismic wave.
a. | speed | c. | intensity |
b. | frequency | d. | amplitude |
____ 19. When a volcano erupts, the molten material that flows onto Earth’s surface is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | rifts |
b. | fissures | d. | lava |
____ 20. Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface is called ____.
a. | magma | c. | lava |
b. | tephra | d. | pyroclasts |
____ 21. Thinner, easy-flowing lavas are rich in ____.
a. | silica | c. | volcanic ash |
b. | water vapor | d. | iron and magnesium |
____ 22. Sticky, thicker lavas ____.
a. | form flood basalts | c. | are rich in iron and magnesium |
b. | are rich in silica | d. | flow very easily |
____ 23. A composite volcano ____.
a. | sometimes erupts violently |
b. | is steep-sided |
c. | is composed of alternating layers of lava and tephra |
d. | all of the above |
____ 24. A shield volcano ____.
a. | has a steep-sloping cone made up of rocks and lava |
b. | erupts with thin basaltic lava |
c. | throws rocks and cinders into the air |
d. | all of the above |
____ 25. At a transform plate boundary, ____.
a. | plates grind past each other | c. | plates converge |
b. | plates diverge | d. | hot spots form |
____ 26. At a divergent plate boundary, ____.
a. | one plate slides under another plate |
b. | the edge of one plate melts and becomes magma |
c. | plates grind past each other |
d. | plates move apart |
____ 27. The layer on which the tectonic plates move is the ____.
a. | lithosphere | c. | core |
b. | asthenosphere | d. | crust |
Matching
Match each term with the description below.
a. | lithosphere | j. | focus |
b. | epicenter | k. | divergent |
c. | normal fault | l. | rifts |
d. | primary wave | m. | transform |
e. | convergent | n. | tectonic plate motion |
f. | modified Mercalli scale | o. | Richter scale |
g. | surface wave | p. | reverse fault |
h. | strike-slip fault | q. | secondary wave |
i. | convection currents | |
____ 28. compression forces
____ 29. shear forces
____ 30. tension forces
____ 31. point located above an earthquake focus
____ 32. seismic wave that causes particles of rock to vibrate in the same direction as the wave is moving
____ 33. seismic wave that causes particles of rock to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave is moving
____ 34. seismic wave that does the most damage
____ 35. based on measurements of amplitudes of seismic waves
____ 36. measures the amount of structural and geologic damage an earthquake causes, or its intensity
____ 37. Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle
____ 38. long cracks formed as a result of plates that are moving apart
____ 39. boundary where plates move apart
____ 40. boundary where plates collide
____ 41. boundary where plates grind past each other
____ 42. cause plate motion
____ 43. point inside Earth where the first movement of an earthquake occurs and energy is released
____ 44. produces the forces that form volcanoes and cause earthquakes
Physical Science Chapter 12 Exam Review
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F, focus
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
2. ANS: F, P-waves or primary waves
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 STA: PS2.1 CS3.2
3. ANS: F, wave height or amplitude
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B
OBJ: 3/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
5. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B
OBJ: 2/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
6. ANS: F, deep
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B
OBJ: 3/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
8. ANS: F, iron and magnesium
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
9. ANS: F, shield volcano
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
10. ANS: F, moderate to violent and do not last long
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
11. ANS: F, convergent
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
12. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B
OBJ: 1/1 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
13. ANS: F, hot spots
PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
MULTIPLE CHOICE
14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
18. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/3
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/2
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
MATCHING
28. ANS: P PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
29. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
33. ANS: Q PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
34. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
35. ANS: O PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
36. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
38. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
39. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
40. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
41. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
42. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
43. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2
44. ANS: N PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1
STA: PS2.1 CS4.2